Python Object-Oriented Programming Examples - From Concepts to Code!

Python Object-Oriented Programming Examples - Learn OOP from the Basics to the Real World!

PythonI've often wondered: "My code is getting too long and complicated because I've been writing in a procedural way... should I switch to object-oriented?" 🤔 🤔 I'm not sure if I'll be able to do that.

Python supports both procedural and object-oriented styles, but learning Python object-oriented programming (OOP) will make your code cleaner and easier to maintain.

In this article, we'll use the Basic concepts and uses of OOP with Python object-oriented programming examples.and we'll also learn about Features of Python as an object-oriented language versus Python's object-oriented procedural approachWe'll also take a look at the code examples, which are easy to follow, so stick with us!

What is the Python Object-Oriented Language?

Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a way of designing programs by dividing them into units called "objects". Python is one of the leading object-oriented languages, using classes and objects to handle data.

Features of Python's Object-Oriented Language

1. Classes and objects: Structure your data and make it more reusable.
2. EncapsulationProtect sensitive data and restrict access from the outside.
3. Inheritance: You can easily extend new classes based on existing classes.
4. Polymorphism: Makes the same method name behave differently depending on the class.

Python Object-Oriented vs. Procedural Oriented

Compare with tables

Procedure-driven programmingtreats data as functions and variables, and writes code in a sequential flow. This approach is great for solving simple problems quickly, but as code gets longer and more complex, it can become harder to maintain and less reusable.

Whereas, Object-oriented programmingbundles data into objects and utilizes encapsulation and inheritance to make code more reusable and extensible. Object orientation is a particularly powerful tool for large-scale software development because it's easy to maintain and allows for a wide range of feature extensions.

For example, this is what happens when you implement a dog's behavior in a procedure-oriented way:

# Procedure Oriented Method
name = "Buddy"
breed = "Jindo"
def bark():
    return f"{name} barks loudly!"

print(bark())

The object-oriented approach is cleaner:

# Object-Oriented Method
class Dog:
    def __init__(self, name, breed):
        self.name = name
        self.breed = breed

    def bark(self):
        return f"{self.name} barks loudly!"

my_dog = Dog("Buddy", "Jindo")
print(my_dog.bark())

Python Object-Oriented Programming Examples

1. Class and object examples

class Person:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def introduce(self):
        return f"Hello, my name is {self.name} and I am {self.age} years old."

person = Person("Charlie", 25)
print(person.introduce())

Code commentary

1. __init__ Methods: Initialization method at object creation time, setting the name and age.
2. self: References the object itself, accessing its properties and methods.
3. introduce MethodsMethods that print information about the object.

2. inheritance example

class Animal:
    def speak(self):
        return "Makes a sound."

class Dog(Animal):
    def speak(self):
        return "Woof!"

class Cat(Animal):
    def speak(self):
        return "Meow!"

dog = Dog()
cat = Cat()
print(dog.speak()) # Output: Woof!
print(cat.speak()) # Output: Meow!

Code commentary

1. Parent Class AnimalDefine a common behavior (vocalization) for all animals.
2. Child Classes Dogand Cat: parent class's speak method (overriding).
3. Polymorphism: The same method name (speak) behaves differently depending on this class.

3. encapsulation example

class BankAccount:
    def __init__(self, owner, balance):
        self.owner = owner
        self.__balance = balance # Private attribute

    def deposit(self, amount):
        self.__balance += amount
        return f"Deposited {amount}. Balance: {self.__balance}."

    def withdraw(self, amount):
        if self.__balance >= amount:
            self.__balance -= amount
            return f"Withdrew {amount}. Balance: {self.__balance}."
        else:
            return "Insufficient funds!"

account = BankAccount("Alice", 10000)
print(account.deposit(5000))
print(account.withdraw(7000))

Code commentary

1. __balance: Declared as a Private property that cannot be accessed from outside.
2. depositand withdraw MethodsSecurely manage the balance of your bank account.
3. Encapsulation: Protect data, allowing access through methods if necessary.

Finalize

In this article, you learned the basic concepts and uses of OOP through examples of object-oriented programming in Python. You've seen the strengths of Python as an object-oriented language and the differences between Python's object-oriented procedural approach and object-oriented programming. By mastering object-oriented programming, you'll be able to write cleaner, more maintainable code.

Now follow along and feel the Python OOP magic for yourself! And 😄 and 😄 and 😄. Python ORM - Django ORM and SQL, the pros and cons in a nutshell! Check out the post to learn more about databases!

# Glossary

Glossary (for beginners)

1. select Object

• A unit that is a code representation of a real-world object or concept.
• Objects have Attributes and Methods.
  • Attributes: The state or data of an object.
  • Method: An action or function that an object can perform.

2. click Class

• A blueprint for creating an object.
• Classes define properties and methods, which allow you to create multiple objects.

3. click Instance

• An individual object created from a class.
• A class is a blueprint, and an instance is an entity created from that blueprint.

4. Inheritance

• The ability to create a new class (child class) based on an existing class (parent class).
• Increase code reusability and make it easy to extend functionality.

5. Encapsulation

• The concept of protecting properties inside an object from direct access from the outside.
• Mainly Private property, which controls access using getter/setter methods.

6. Polymorphism

• The ability to make methods with the same name behave differently depending on the class.
• It is implemented by overriding (overriding) methods defined in the parent class in the child class.

7. __init__ Methods

• The initialization method that is automatically called when the object is created.
• Used to initialize or set a default value for an object's properties.

8. self

• A keyword that refers to the object itself, used to access properties and methods from inside the class.
• All instance methods take a selfto use the

9. Overriding

• This means overriding a method of the parent class in a child class.
• Methods with the same name are implemented to behave differently in the parent and child classes.